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''Atalaya'' is a genus of eighteen species of trees and shrubs known to science, of the plant family Sapindaceae. fourteen species grow naturally in Australia and in neighbouring New Guinea only one endemic species is known to science. Three species are known growing naturally in southern Africa, including two species endemic to South Africa and one species in South Africa, Swaziland and Mozambique.〔〔〔〔〔 One species ''A. salicifolia'', which grows in Australia, has a wider distribution through nearby Timor and westwards through some more of the Lesser Sunda Islands (Indonesia).〔 This species has the widest distribution of all and is the type species—the first to have a formal scientific name, description and represent the genus. In biodiversity–rich New Guinea , many areas do not have complete formal scientific botanical survey. In this context, science seems to have only recorded the knowledge of ''A. papuana'' growing there naturally as the putative sole endemic species. Regionally widespread ''A. salicifolia'' does not seem to have scientific records from New Guinea even though science has recorded it many times in the regions of northern Australia and Timor nearest to southern and western New Guinea.〔 ==Biogeography, habitats and conservation== In mainland Australia's warmer places, twelve species are known by published formal botanical descriptions—trees, shrubs and subshrubs, growing naturally in rainforests, brigalow scrubs, monsoon forests (rainforests in a climate of a summer wet season and cool dry season, with drought–deciduous trees), tropical savannas, coastal scrubs, some arid desert areas and in similar vegetation associations further south than the tropics. Certain species particularly occur in Australia's restricted areas of naturally high nutrient soil types, for instances, soils built from limestone or basalt parent materials. Areas of more fertile soils than average Australian soils, have not surprisingly had their native vegetation associations preferentially destroyed for converting the soils to European–Australian agricultural methods. This has disproportionately brought about the decline of the specialised native plants of these soils. Two Australian species found in Queensland have herbarium specimen collections and published informal descriptions, but are awaiting formal publication of scientific descriptions and names. Collectively, the fourteen known Australian species range throughout warmer parts of the continent, including parts of the semi-arid and arid zones, in Queensland, the Northern Territory, Western Australia, New South Wales and South Australia, except for Tasmania and Victoria where they have not been recorded. Some Australian species have very reduced, scarce or isolated known ranges and natural habitats, . ''Atalaya collina'' Yarwun Whitewood trees, have a known range of only two very isolated populations to the west of Gladstone, Queensland, hence this species' populations have a national conservation status listing of "endangered" in the Australian government Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC).〔 Ian D. Cowie, Glenn M. Wightman and Benjamin Stuckey formally scientifically named and described the restricted endemic, unique, ''Atalaya brevialata'' subshrub species, in their recently published, Dec 2012, scientific paper.〔〔 Botanists have found this species growing naturally only in a restricted area of the Darwin region of Australia. In their formal scientific description Cowie, Wightman and Stuckey have published the species global conservation status (IUCN) of "endangered" under the following criteria "IUCN B1, 2ab (i, ii, iii, iv, v)".〔 ''A. brevialata'' plants have the unusual and unique nature among ''Atalaya'' species of a suffruticose growing habit; meaning, in this case, a species which has evolved from an ancestral group of woody–trunked shrubs or trees into having woody growth only underground and above ground only leafy growth. They grow naturally only up to tall subshrubs, with the leafy above ground growth that dies back each dry season to the underground woody rootstocks.〔 In South Africa three species grow naturally. The scarcity of ''A. natalensis'' trees and their restricted range has received the global conservation status (IUCN) of "vulnerable D2".〔 ''A. capensis'' has a global conservation status (IUCN) listing also, of "Lower Risk / conservation dependent" .〔 In Papua New Guinea ''A. papuana'' grows naturally in coast monsoon dune scrub (coastal rainforests on dune soils that become seasonally dry, with deciduous trees), tropical savanna forests and in regenerating areas of regularly burning swamp forests and rainforests. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Atalaya (plant)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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